Layers

Runtime stack, hardware upward

Runtime stack, hardware upward Five stacked bands read bottom-up from the foundation. Hardware sits at the bottom, then the operating system, then the container runtime, then application services, then the user interface at the top. The container runtime band is focal. Abstraction increases upward; nothing is drawn between the bands because adjacency alone carries the relationship. Abstraction L5 User interface L4 Application services L3 Container runtime the layer under discussion L2 Operating system L1 Hardware foundation